ubuntu setup

替换repo源

清华源

删除snap

# snap list
snap remove --purge gnome-42-2204
snap remove --purge gtk-common-themes
snap remove --purge snap-store
snap remove --purge snapd-desktop-integration
snap remove --purge bare
snap remove --purge firefox
snap remove --purge firmware-updater
snap remove --purge core22
snap remove --purge snapd

# dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq firefox
apt remove --auto-remove snapd
rm -rf ~/snap/ /snap/ /var/lib/snapd/ /home/gjorn/snap/
apt-mark manual snapd
dpkg --purge --force-depends snapd

echo "Package: snapd Pin: release a=* Pin-Priority: -10" | tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref
apt update

安装中文输入法

fcitx5

apt-get install -y fcitx5 fcitx5-configtool fcitx5-chinese-addons
mkdir -p ~/.config/autostart
touch ~/.config/autostart/fcitx5.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Fcitx5
Exec=/usr/bin/fcitx5
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true

chmod +x ~/.config/autostart/fcitx5.desktop

安装nvidia驱动

1. 在bios中配置使用核显
2. 关闭开源驱动 nouveau
   • lsmod | grep nouveau: 查看存在 nouveau 驱动
   • vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf

     blacklist nouveau
     options nouveau modeset=0

   • update-initramfs -u; reboot: 重启生效
3. 安装nvidia驱动
   • ubuntu-drivers devices 查看合适的驱动
   • apt install -y nvidia-driver-xxx[-server][-open]: 安装合适的驱动
   • nvidia-smi: 查看是否存在显卡
4. 在bios中配置使用独显

CUDA

安装: apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
检查: nvcc --version

Nvidia Container Toolkit

Nvidia Official Guide

1. Configure the production repository:

curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg \
  && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/stable/deb/nvidia-container-toolkit.list | \
    sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' | \
    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list

2. Update the packages list from the repository:
   sudo apt-get update
3. Install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit packages:

export NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT_VERSION=1.17.8-1
sudo apt-get install -y \
    nvidia-container-toolkit=${NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT_VERSION} \
    nvidia-container-toolkit-base=${NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT_VERSION} \
    libnvidia-container-tools=${NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT_VERSION} \
    libnvidia-container1=${NVIDIA_CONTAINER_TOOLKIT_VERSION}

4. 配置Docker使用Nvidia运行时

sudo nvidia-ctk runtime configure --runtime=docker
sudo systemctl restart docker

5. 验证是否可用
   sudo docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-base-ubuntu24.04 nvidia-smi

CUDNN

CUda Deep Neural Network
安装: apt install nvidia-cudnn
验证:

from torch.backends import cudnn
print(cudnn.is_available())  #返回True说明已经安装了cuDNN

gnome

新窗口生成在中央

gsettings set org.gnome.mutter center-new-windows true

科学上网

使用 clash tun 令chrome、terminal可以使用

clash-for-linux

下次重启切换到windows

在 /etc/bash.bashrc 中 source /etc/custom/custom_func

/etc/custom/custom_func
/etc/profile.d/custom_func

#!/bin/bash

function switch2windows() {
    echo "switch to windows"
    # windwos entry index = 4
    sudo grub-reboot 4
    for ((i=3;i>0;i--)) {
        echo "$i seconds reboot"
        sleep 1
    }
    reboot
}

apt install无法获取dpkg lock

function releaseDpkgLock() {
    sudo rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock
}

开机挂载硬盘

修改 /etc/fstab，使用blkid查看每个硬盘的信息

/dev/sda1 /mnt/repo1 ntfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/repo2 ntfs defaults 0 0

自定义term打开终端

function term() {
    if [ `whoami` == "root" ]; then
        echo "Can't upport in root"
    fi

    if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
        gnome-terminal --working-directory="$PWD"
    elif [ -d "$1" ]; then
        gnome-terminal --working-directory="$(realpath "$1")"
    else
        echo "Path not exist: $1"
    fi
}

ssh配置文件

/etc/ssh/ssh_config 会 Include /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/*.conf

# /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/node.conf
Host server1
    HostName 192.168.1.100
    User username
    Port 22

给当前用户root权限

sudo usermod -aG sudo $USER
echo "$USER ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/$USER
sudo chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/$USER